Lubricating effect of oils by controlling the concentration of chemical components of the additives
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2026-119-1-23-32Keywords:
the lubricating effect of oils, physicochemical factors and rheological characteristics, chemically modified boundary layers (CMBLs), the partial EHD lubrication mode, the anti-wear and anti-friction properties, the concentration of chemical components of the additives, chemically active substances (CAS), manganese-iron-phosphate coating (MIP)Abstract
A proposed and substantiated multifactorial approach to assessing the lubricating effect of oils, considering the influence of physicochemical factors and rheological characteristics on the evolution of the creation and adaptation of chemically modified boundary layers (CMBLs) to real operating conditions in conditions of the partial EHD lubrication mode. Comparing the results of the anti-wear and anti-friction properties of the studied oil samples, while complying with the additive manufacturer's conditions for the mass fraction of sulfur, which is 1.488–1.9662%, a necessary condition for the best results in terms of the combined action of the anti-wear and anti-friction properties of the oils is to establish a total additive concentration of 3.9–4.9% with a phosphorus mass fraction of 0.046–0.057%. In the series of samples studied, sample 4 with a concentration of 4.9% additive shows the best universal properties, especially for the operation of units with combined engine and transmission systems (universal STOU oils for agricultural machinery).
References
Afton Chemical. Engine Oil Additive Technology: Performance Optimization Through Precise Additive Treat Rates. Technical Bulletin. Richmond, VA, 2020. https://www.aftonchemical.com/products/engine-oil-additives/
Lubrizol Corporation. Additive Systems for Modern Lubricants: Concentration Sensitivity and Performance Balance. Technical White Paper. Wickliffe, OH, 2019. https://lubrizol.com/Lubricant-Additives/Products-Applications
BASF SE (2021). Lubricant Additives: Structure–Performance Relationships and Optimization Strategies (Technical Report). Fuel & Lubricant Solutions, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany. https://automotive-transportation.basf.com/global/en/fuel-and-lubricants/portfolio
Waqas M., Zahid R., Khan A., et al. A review of friction performance of lubricants with nano additives // Materials. 2021. Vol. 14, No. 21. Art. 6310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216310
Muhammad Waqas, Rehan Zahid, Muhammad Usman Bhutta, Zulfiqar Ahmad Khan, Adil Saeed//A Review of Friction Performance of Lubricants with Nano Additives, 2021. - 14(21), - 6310 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216310.
Mang T., Dresel W. Lubricants and Lubrication. — Wiley-VCH, 2017. Chapter 6: Additives, P. 117–152. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527645565
Daniel Merk, Thomas Koenig, Janine Fritz, Joerg W. H. Franke //Tribological Behavior of Hydrocarbons in Rolling Contact, 2024. - 12(6), 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12060201
CSM Instruments. Tribometer User Manual. — Switzerland. Sections 2–4. https://www.csm-instruments.com/en/products/tribometers.
Hutchings I. M., Shipway P. Tribology: Friction and Wear of Engineering Materials. — Elsevier, 2017. P. 145–158.
https://www.educate.elsevier.com/book/details/9780081009109.
ASTM G133–05 (Reapproved 2016). Standard Test Method for Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear. https://doi.org/10.1520/G0133-05R16.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Problems of Tribology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
