Microscopic studies of the degradation processes of dental composite materials
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2026-121-3-115-122Keywords:
composite materials, Estelite Asteria, Estelite Posterior, compression loading, strength, structure, microcracks, microscopic examinationAbstract
The article addresses the strength of dental composite materials, with particular emphasis on their resistance to compression. This type of loading is predominant in the anterior and posterior chewing teeth of humans. Understanding the mechanisms of initiation and development of internal stresses in materials used for restorative procedures is essential for the informed selection of materials and the further improvement of their properties. The dental composite materials Estelite Asteria and Estelite Posterior, manufactured by Tokuyama Dental, were used in the experiments. A specimen preparation technique for compression loading was considered, and experimental studies were conducted with the recording of ultimate forces and stresses. The fractured specimens were examined to determine the type of failure. It was established that the plastic component during the deformation process is practically absent, while the load–deformation relationship is quasi-linear.
For further investigation, fragments of the materials were embedded in epoxy resin, after which cubic specimens were prepared. Based on these specimens, metallographic sections were produced for a detailed examination of the mechanisms of damage accumulation and the formation and propagation of microcracks within the material structure. It was found that the fracture mechanisms and microcrack configuration depend on the size of the inorganic fillers in the composites. It was demonstrated that the avalanche-like loss of structural integrity of a composite material occurs when a certain microcrack density is reached, defined as the total crack length per unit area.
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